PCH - WHERE SAFETY COMES FIRST

 

Caspian Energy(CE): What is the difference between a hazard and a risk?

Director Caspian Region - Craig Dunn: A hazard, in general, refers to anything with the potential to cause harm in terms of human injury or ill-health, damage to property, damage to the environment or a combination of these, e.g. chemical substances, machinery or methods of work, whereas risk means the likelihood, great or small, that an undesired event will occur due to the realisation of a hazard. Risk is dependent on the likelihood that a hazard may occur, together with the severity of the harm suffered/consequences. Risk is also dependent on the number of people who might be exposed to the hazard.

 

CE: What is a Risk Assessment?

Craig Dunn: Employers and those who control workplaces to any extent must identify the hazards in the workplaces under their control and assess the risks to safety and health at work presented by these hazards.

 Employers must examine and write down these workplace risks and what to do about them. Ultimately, assessing risk means that anything in the workplace that could cause harm to your employees, other employees and other people (including customers, visitors and members of the public) must be carefully examined. This allows you to estimate the magnitude of risk and decide whether the risk is acceptable or whether more precautions need to be taken to prevent harm.

 Employers are required to implement any improvements considered necessary by the risk assessment. The aim is to ensure that no one gets hurt or becomes ill.

However, it is important to remember that, in identifying hazards and assessing risks, employers should only consider those which are generated by work activities. There is no need to consider every minor hazard or risk that we accept as part of our lives. The results of any risk assessments should be written into the safety statement.

 

CE: What is a Safety Statement?

Craig Dunn: This is a written programme to safeguard:

• The safety and health of employees while they work
• The safety and health of other people who might be at the workplace, including customers, visitors and members of the public
• The safety statement represents a commitment to their safety and health. It should state how the employer will ensure their safety and health and state the resources necessary to maintain and review safety and health laws and standards. The safety statement should influence all work activities, including
• The selection of competent people, equipment and materials
• The way work is done
• How goods and services are designed and provided

It is essential to write down the safety statement and put in place the arrangements needed to implement and monitor it. The safety statement must be made available to staff, and anyone else, showing that hazards have been identified and the risks assessed and eliminated or controlled.

 

 CE: Why is it important to carry out a Risk Assessment and prepare a Safety Statement?

Craig Dunn: The main aim is to make sure that no one gets hurt or becomes ill. Accidents and ill health can ruin lives, and can also affect business if output is lost, machinery is damaged, insurance costs increase, or if you have to go to court. Therefore, carrying out risk assessments, preparing and implementing a safety statement and keeping both up to date will not in themselves prevent accidents and ill health but they will play a crucial part in reducing their likelihood.

Employers, managers and supervisors should all ensure that workplace practices reflect the risk assessments and safety statement. Behaviour, the way in which everyone works, must reflect the safe working practices laid down in these documents. Supervisory checks and audits should be carried out to determine how well the aims set down are being achieved. Corrective action should be taken when required. Additionally, if a workplace is provided for use by others, the safety statement must also set out the safe work practices that are relevant to them. Hence, it is important to carry out a Risk Assessment and prepare a Safety Statement for:

 

 1. Financial reasons:

There is considerable evidence, borne out by companies' practical experiences, that effective safety and health management in the workplace contributes to business success. Accidents and ill-health inflict significant costs, often hidden and underestimated.

 

 2. Legal reasons:

Carrying out a risk assessment, preparing a safety statement and implementing what you have written down are not only central to any safety and health management system, they are required by law. Health and Safety Authority inspectors visiting workplaces will want to know how employers are managing safety and health. If they investigate an accident, they will scrutinise the risk assessment and safety statement, and the procedures and work practices in use. It should be ensured that these stand up to examination. If the inspector finds that one of these is inadequate, he or she can ask the employer to revise it.

 

3. Moral and ethical reasons:

The process of carrying out a risk assessment, preparing a safety statement and implementing what you have written down will help employers prevent injuries and ill-health at work.  Employers are ethically bound to do all they can to ensure that their employees do not suffer illness, a serious accident or death.

 

CE: What should be covered in a Safety Statement?

Craig Dunn: The areas that should be covered by the safety statement are specific. The statement should be based on the identification of the hazards and the risk assessments carried out. It must:

• specify how the safety and health of all employees will be secured and managed
• specify the hazards identified and risks assessed
• give details of how the employer is going to manage his or her safety and health responsibilities, including a commitment to comply with legal obligations, the protective and preventive measures taken, the resources provided for safety and health at the workplace and the arrangements used to fulfil these responsibilities
• include the plans and procedures to be used in the event of an emergency or serious danger
• specify the duties of employees, including the co-operation required from them on safety and health matters
• include the names and job titles of people appointed to be responsible for safety and health or for performing the tasks set out in the statement
• contain the arrangements made for appointing safety representatives, and for consulting with and the participation by employees on safety and health matters, including the names of the safety representatives and the members of the safety committee, if appointed
• be written in a form, manner and language that will be understood by all
• include a review mechanism
• have regard to the relevant safety and health legislation

 The safety statement can refer to specific procedures contained in other documents. These documents might include:

• quality manuals
• operating instructions
• company rules
• manufacturers' instructions
• company safety and health procedures

 These may already list hazards and precautions. There is no need to repeat all this, and so it is up to the employer whether to combine all the documents or keep them separately. However, the employer must still ensure that employees are made aware of these risks and the precautions.

 

CE: Who is responsible for preparing the Risk Assessment and Safety Statement?

Craig Dunn: Those required to prepare a risk assessment and safety statement are:

• all employers
• those who control workplaces to any extent
• those who provide workplaces for use by others
• those who are self-employed

           

CE: Who needs to read the Risk Assessments and Safety Statement?

Craig Dunn: The employer must ensure that the contents of the safety statement, which includes the risk assessments, is brought to the attention of all employees and others at the workplace who may be exposed to any risks covered by the safety statement. In particular, all new employees must be made aware of the safety statement when they start work. The statement must be in a form and language that they all understand.

 Other people may be exposed to a specific risk dealt with in the safety statement and the statement should be brought to their attention. These people could include:

• outside contractors who do cleaning, maintenance or building work
• temporary workers
• delivery people who stack their goods in the premises and come in contact with activities there
• self-employed people who provide a service for the employer

 

Where specific tasks are carried out, which pose a serious risk to safety and health, the relevant contents of the safety statement must be brought to the attention of those affected, setting out the hazards identified, the risk assessments and the safety and health measures that must be taken.